Our measurement, monitoring and verification (MMV) system focuses on the integration of monitoring methods from pre-injection to closure phases. It enables efficient and continuous monitoring to ensure conformance and to minimize the risk of any potential leakage of CO2 from the storage reservoir.
Surface-based Measurement: Leakage of CO2 to shallow geological formations, soil layers or the groundwater can be a subject of public concern and intense regulatory scrutiny. Shallow geophysical methods such as electromagnetics, gas sampling, and remote gas sensing, are some of the methods available to detect leakage to shallow formations or the surface. Active and passive seismic monitoring as well as gravimetric surveys provide subsurface information from a network of measurement stations at the surface.
Downhole Measurement: Besides pressure, temperature and flow sensors in the well, distributed acoustic and temperature measurements through permanently installed optical fibers can be a very cost-efficient monitoring method. Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) can help to allocate injection to layers of different reservoir quality and can be used to capture phase dynamic behavior of the injected fluid over the course of the project. Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) can be used for cost-efficient time-lapse VSPs as well as an additional monitoring of induced seismicity complementing a network of surface stations.
Benchmarking and Alarming: Real-time data from various sensors and instruments help in performing statistical analysis and establishing baseline performance metrics and benchmarks. The salient features of our MMV system include:
Visualization and Reporting: Interactive data visualization, KPI dashboard, and customized reports are critical to effectively communicate the insights with key stakeholders. These visual representations provide intuitive and actionable information, allowing users to explore the data, perform ad-hoc queries, and gain a comprehensive understanding of the project's performance and impact.